\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage[LSB, T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{chessboard}
\usepackage{skak}
\usepackage{tikz, tikz-3dplot}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\newcommand{\z}{{\color{gray}0}}

\tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{135}

\setboardfontencoding{LSB}

\setchessboard{linewidth = 0.1em, showmover = false, smallboard}

\newcommand{\chessplane}[2]{
    \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x={-#1 * 0.8}, transform shape]
        \node[fill = white, opacity = 0.7, outer sep=0pt, inner sep=2pt] (layer#1) at (0, 0) {
            \chessboard[
                margin=false,
                pgfstyle=text,
                text=\textbf{1},
                markfields={#2},
                label=false
            ]
        };
    \end{scope}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

    \begin{scope}[tdplot_main_coords, scale = 1]
        \chessplane{12}{e8};
        \chessplane{11}{d8};
        \chessplane{10}{a8, h8};
        \chessplane{9}{c8, f8};
        \chessplane{8}{b8, g8};
        \chessplane{7}{a7, b7, c7, d7, e5, f7, g7, h7};
        \chessplane{6}{e1};
        \chessplane{5}{d1};
        \chessplane{4}{a1, h1};
        \chessplane{3}{c1, f1};
        \chessplane{2}{c3, g1};
        \chessplane{1}{a2, b2, c2, d2, e4, f2, g2, h2};

        \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x={-1}, transform shape]
            \node[anchor = south, rotate = 90] at (layer1.west) {Ranks / Axis 1};
            \node[anchor = north] at (layer1.south) {Files / Axis 2};
        \end{scope}

        \coordinate (offset) at (layer1.west);
        \newdimen\xoffset
        \pgfextractx{\xoffset}{\pgfpointanchor{offset}{center}}
        \begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=\xoffset, transform shape, xscale=-1]
            \path (layer1.north west) -- (layer12.north west) node[
                pos = 0.5, anchor = south
            ] {Pieces / Mixture Components};
        \end{scope}
    \end{scope}

    \coordinate (tensor north) at (current bounding box.north);

    \node[shift = {(0, 0)}, anchor = east] (pos) at (current bounding box.west) {{
        \setchessboard{linewidth = 0.1em, showmover = false, smallboard}
        \newgame
        % The Vienna Game
        \hidemoves{1. e4 e5 2.Nc3}  % Like `\mainline` but does NOT show the PGN line
        \chessboard{}
    }};

    \node[anchor = south] at (pos.center |- tensor north) {Position};
    \node[anchor = south] at (tensor north) {Encoding};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}